We form the present simple with the subject (i.e. the subject pronoun or noun) and the main verb.We usually add an –s to the third person singular in the affirmative. In the interrogative and negative forms we use the auxiliary verb do/does with I, you,we and they and does/doesn’t with he, she and it. We do not add an –s to the main verb when it appeares with does/doesn’t.
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE Long form Short form I work I do not work I don’t work Do I work? You work You do not work You don’t work Do you work? He works He does not work He doesn’t work Does he work? She works She does not work She doesn’t work Does she work? It works It does not work It doesn’t work Does it work? We work We do not work We don’t work Do they work? You work You do not work You don’t work Do you work? They work They do not work They don’t work Do they work?
SPELLING RULES: * Most verbs take –s in the third person singular. Example: - I buy. He buys. - I read. He reads. * Verbs ending in –ss, -sh, -ch, -x and –o take –es. Example: - I miss. He misses - I finish. He finishes. - I watch. He watches. - I mix. He mixes. - I go. He goes. * Verb endings in a consonant +y, drop the y and take –ies. Example: - I study. He studies. - I cry. He cries. * Verbs ending in a vowel + y, take – s. Example: - I play. He plays.
USE: The present simple tense is used for: repeated actions or daily routines (usually with time expressions such as: every day, every week, every Monday, etc.), Example: She usually plays tenis at the weekend. permanent states, Example: He works in an Office. general truths or laws of nature. Example: The sun sets in the west.
TIME EXPRESSIONS: Time expressions used with present simple are: every day, every week, every month, every year, usually, always, often, etc. every morning, every afternoon, every evening, every night, in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, at night, on Mondays, on Tuesdays, on Wednesdays, etc.
ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY: We use adverbs of frequency with the present simple. They show us how often something happens and include the following:
always – usually – often – sometimes – seldom/rarely – never
Adverbs of frequency go before the main verbs in simple tenses (work, drink, etc.). e.g. - I usually work on Saturdays. - They never drink coffee.
But they go after the verb to be in simple tenses. e.g. - It is often cold in water. - He is always late for work.
Adverbs of frequency go after auxiliary verbs (can, do, etc.). e.g. – He can never wake up before 10 o’clock.
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